🔑 Suffix Quick Reference

Learn the ending, get the class and the nursing point for free. 26 suffixes covering most of what gets tested. Search filters everything below.

⭐ The potassium cluster

-pril · -sartan · -one (spironolactone, eplerenone) all RAISE potassium.

Teach every one of these patients to avoid salt substitutes — they are potassium chloride.

The diuretics below (-ide, -thiazide) do the opposite and drop it. Getting this pair straight is worth several questions.

🚨 Five suffixes that lie

The shortcut works until it doesn't. These five are where it breaks:

-mycin is not always an aminoglycoside. gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin are. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide, azithromycin and erythromycin are macrolides, clindamycin is a lincosamide. Reliable version: -micin and gentamicin/tobramycin/amikacin by name.

-ase is any enzyme, not just a clot buster. The thrombolytics are specifically -plase (alteplase, tenecteplase, reteplase). pancrelipase is a digestive enzyme.

-ide is far too common to mean loop diuretic (glipizide, chlorhexidine, amiloride). The loops are -semide / -anide: furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide.

-one means potassium-sparing only in spironolactone and eplerenone. prednisone, amiodarone and methadone also end in -one and have nothing to do with potassium sparing.

-azole spans three groups: antifungals (fluconazole), PPIs (omeprazole — really -prazole), and metronidazole, an antibiotic. Read the whole word.

Rule of thumb: use the suffix to narrow it down, then confirm with the drug name. Never answer on the ending alone.

🎯 How to use this

Cover the middle column and say the class out loud from the ending. Then cover the right column and say the nursing point. Two passes a day beats one long session.

Tap any drug name below to open its full card.

🫀 Heart & blood pressure

-pril ACE inhibitors

Monitor for dry cough & angioedema; watch K⁺ (hyperkalemia); 1st-dose hypotension

For examplelisinopril, enalapril, ramipril, captopril, benazepril
-sartan ARBs

Like ACE-I but NO cough; still watch K⁺; teratogenic

For examplelosartan, valsartan, olmesartan, irbesartan
-olol Beta blockers

↓HR/BP; hold if HR <60 or SBP <90; don't stop abruptly; masks hypoglycemia

For examplemetoprolol, atenolol, carvedilol, propranolol, labetalol
-dipine Ca²⁺ channel blockers (dihydropyridine)

Peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia; avoid grapefruit juice

For exampleamlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine, felodipine
-statin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Take in evening; report muscle pain (rhabdomyolysis); monitor LFTs

For exampleatorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin

🩸 Clotting & bleeding

-parin Heparins / LMWH

Bleeding; monitor aPTT (heparin) / no routine labs (enoxaparin); antidote protamine

For exampleheparin, enoxaparin, dalteparin
-ase Thrombolytics ("clot busters")

Massive bleeding risk; strict time window; many contraindications

For examplealteplase, tenecteplase, reteplase

🍽️ Stomach & gut

-prazole Proton pump inhibitors

Take before meals; long-term → ↓Ca/Mg/B12, C. diff, fractures

For exampleomeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole
-tidine H₂ receptor blockers

Take at bedtime; famotidine preferred (cimetidine = many interactions)

For examplefamotidine, cimetidine, nizatidine
-setron Antiemetics (5-HT₃)

QT prolongation; ondansetron for N/V

For exampleondansetron, granisetron, palonosetron

🦠 Anti-infectives

-floxacin Fluoroquinolones

Tendon rupture, QT prolongation, photosensitivity; avoid in children

For exampleciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
-cycline Tetracyclines

No dairy/antacids; photosensitivity; not in <8 yr or pregnancy (teeth)

For exampledoxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline
-mycin / -micin Aminoglycosides

Nephrotoxic & ototoxic — monitor trough, creatinine, hearing

For examplegentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
-cillin Penicillins

Ask about allergy (cross-reacts with cephalosporins); anaphylaxis risk

For examplepenicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin
cef- / ceph- Cephalosporins

Cross-allergy with PCN; no alcohol (disulfiram rxn with some)

For examplecefazolin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, cefepime
-thromycin Macrolides

QT prolongation, GI upset; many drug interactions

For exampleazithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin
-vir Antivirals

Adherence critical; renal dosing

For exampleacyclovir, valacyclovir, oseltamivir, ritonavir
-azole Antifungals / some PPIs

Hepatotoxic (antifungals); many interactions

For examplefluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole

🚽 Diuretics

-ide (furosem-) Loop diuretics

↓K⁺; ototoxic if pushed fast; monitor K⁺, daily weights, I&O

For examplefurosemide, bumetanide, torsemide
-thiazide Thiazide diuretics

↓K⁺, ↑glucose/uric acid/Ca²⁺; sulfa allergy caution

For examplehydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, metolazone

🫁 Lungs & steroids

-terol Beta-2 agonists (bronchodilators)

Rescue (albuterol) vs prevention (salmeterol); tachycardia, tremor

For examplealbuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, levalbuterol
-sone / -olone Corticosteroids

↑glucose, infection risk, ↓immunity; never stop abruptly (taper); take with food

For exampleprednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone

🧰 Everything else

-dronate Bisphosphonates

Take with a full glass of water, sit upright 30 min (esophagitis)

For examplealendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid
-pam / -lam Benzodiazepines

Sedation, fall risk, dependence; antidote flumazenil

For examplelorazepam, diazepam, midazolam, alprazolam
-caine Local anesthetics

Watch for systemic toxicity, allergy

For examplelidocaine, bupivacaine, benzocaine

📋 The whole table on one screen

All 26 suffixes as originally written — scroll sideways if it runs off.

SuffixDrug classKey nursing point
-prilACE inhibitorsMonitor for dry cough & angioedema; watch K⁺ (hyperkalemia); 1st-dose hypotension
-sartanARBsLike ACE-I but NO cough; still watch K⁺; teratogenic
-ololBeta blockers↓HR/BP; hold if HR <60 or SBP <90; don't stop abruptly; masks hypoglycemia
-dipineCa²⁺ channel blockers (dihydropyridine)Peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia; avoid grapefruit juice
-statinHMG-CoA reductase inhibitorsTake in evening; report muscle pain (rhabdomyolysis); monitor LFTs
-pril/-sartan/-oneRAAS + K⁺-sparingAll raise potassium — teach to avoid salt substitutes
-prazoleProton pump inhibitorsTake before meals; long-term → ↓Ca/Mg/B12, C. diff, fractures
-tidineH₂ receptor blockersTake at bedtime; famotidine preferred (cimetidine = many interactions)
-parinHeparins / LMWHBleeding; monitor aPTT (heparin) / no routine labs (enoxaparin); antidote protamine
-aseThrombolytics ("clot busters")Massive bleeding risk; strict time window; many contraindications
-floxacinFluoroquinolonesTendon rupture, QT prolongation, photosensitivity; avoid in children
-cyclineTetracyclinesNo dairy/antacids; photosensitivity; not in <8 yr or pregnancy (teeth)
-mycin/-micinAminoglycosidesNephrotoxic & ototoxic — monitor trough, creatinine, hearing
-cillinPenicillinsAsk about allergy (cross-reacts with cephalosporins); anaphylaxis risk
cef-/-cefCephalosporinsCross-allergy with PCN; no alcohol (disulfiram rxn with some)
-thromycinMacrolidesQT prolongation, GI upset; many drug interactions
-ide (furosem-)Loop diuretics↓K⁺; ototoxic if pushed fast; monitor K⁺, daily weights, I&O
-thiazideThiazide diuretics↓K⁺, ↑glucose/uric acid/Ca²⁺; sulfa allergy caution
-terolBeta-2 agonists (bronchodilators)Rescue (albuterol) vs prevention (salmeterol); tachycardia, tremor
-sone/-oloneCorticosteroids↑glucose, infection risk, ↓immunity; never stop abruptly (taper); take with food
-virAntiviralsAdherence critical; renal dosing
-azoleAntifungals / some PPIsHepatotoxic (antifungals); many interactions
-dronateBisphosphonatesTake with full glass water, sit upright 30 min (esophagitis)
-setronAntiemetics (5-HT₃)QT prolongation; ondansetron for N/V
-pam/-lamBenzodiazepinesSedation, fall risk, dependence; antidote flumazenil
-caineLocal anestheticsWatch for systemic toxicity, allergy
Drug Guide · study summary only, no dosing · always check the current package insert, your course materials and facility policy.